Definitions – All 12 Chapters
Click on any chapter to open its key terms, definitions, and theorems.
Unit 1 – Complex Numbers
Complex number operations, Argand diagrams, engineering applications
New 2026
Complex numbers extend the real number system to solve equations with no real solutions. This unit covers complex number operations, Argand diagrams, and applications in engineering, particularly in electrical engineering and signal processing.
Unit 2 – Quadratic Equations and Inequalities
Solving techniques, discriminant analysis, optimization applications
New 2026
Quadratic equations model various real-world phenomena. This unit covers solving techniques, discriminant analysis, quadratic inequalities, and applications in optimization problems, physics, and economics.
Unit 3 – Matrices and Determinants
Matrix operations, determinants, inverses, computer graphics applications
New 2026
Matrices are essential in computer graphics, economics, and engineering. This unit covers matrix operations, determinants, inverses, and applications in solving systems of equations, transformations, and data analysis.
Unit 4 – Functions and Graphs
Function types, properties, graphing techniques, scientific applications
New 2026
Functions model relationships between variables. This unit covers various function types, their properties, graphing techniques, and applications in scientific research, data analysis, and modeling real-world phenomena.
Unit 5 – Algebraic Fractions
Simplification, operations, equations, engineering applications
New 2026
Algebraic fractions appear in engineering calculations and financial formulas. This unit covers simplification, operations, and solving equations involving algebraic fractions with applications in circuit analysis, optimization, and financial modeling.
Unit 6 – Vectors in Plane
Vector operations, dot product, physics and engineering applications
New 2026
Vectors represent quantities with magnitude and direction. This unit covers vector operations, dot product, applications in physics and engineering, and geometric interpretations for force analysis, motion, and computer graphics.
Unit 7 – Trigonometry
Trigonometric identities, equations, inverse functions, real-world applications
New 2026
Trigonometry has applications in architecture, navigation, and wave phenomena. This unit covers trigonometric identities, equations, inverse functions, and real-world problem solving for height and distance calculations, wave analysis, and engineering design.
Unit 8 – Chords and Arcs of a Circle
Relationships between chords, arcs, angles, design and engineering applications
New 2026
Circle geometry has practical applications in design and engineering. This unit covers relationships between chords, arcs, angles, and their properties with proofs, with applications in mechanical design, architecture, and manufacturing.
Unit 9 – Tangent and Angles of a Circle
Tangent properties, angle relationships, geometry and design applications
New 2026
Tangents and circle angles are fundamental in geometry and design. This unit covers tangent properties, angle relationships in circles, and their applications in engineering design, robotics path planning, and optical systems.
Unit 10 – Practical Geometry of Circles
Geometric constructions, tangents, inscribed figures, step-by-step methods
New 2026
Practical geometry involves constructing circle-related figures. This unit covers geometric constructions involving circles, tangents, and inscribed figures with step-by-step methods for technical drawing, CAD applications, and engineering design.
Unit 11 – Information Handling
Data collection, graphical representations, statistical analysis, decision making
New 2026
Information handling is crucial in data analysis and decision making. This unit covers data collection, graphical representations, measures of central tendency, and interpretation for business analytics, research studies, and scientific data analysis.
Unit 12 – Probability
Basic concepts, compound events, conditional probability, real-world applications
New 2026
Probability quantifies uncertainty in scientific research and finance. This unit covers basic probability concepts, compound events, conditional probability, and real-world applications in risk assessment, quality control, financial modeling, and data science.
Class 10 Math Definitions – What's Included (PECTAA 2026)
This page collects every essential definition and theorem from the syllabus, explained in plain, exam-ready language.
Prepared by Muhammad Tayyab, Govt Christian High School Daska, each chapter's terms are grouped together so you can quickly find and review exactly the concept you need.
✅ What's Included Per Chapter
- ✓Clear definitions for every key term
- ✓Important theorems where applicable
- ✓Based on the PECTAA 2026 syllabus
- ✓Plain, student-friendly wording
- ✓Free access, no downloads required
🌐 Who Should Use This Page?
Students reviewing terms before exercises or exams, teachers running quick oral tests on terminology, and parents quizzing their child without needing subject expertise.
Works for students of all 10 Punjab BISE boards, since PECTAA 2026 is shared across boards.
Explore the Complete Class 10 Math Toolkit
These definitions are part of a larger set of Class 10 Math resources. Explore the notes hub, key book, formula sheet, and more below.
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Class 10 Math Notes Hub
The main hub linking every Class 10 Math resource in one place.
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Math Key Book
Full solution guide with chapter-wise answers to every textbook question.
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Notes PDF
Downloadable and printable chapter-wise PDF notes for offline study.
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Solved Exercises
Step-by-step worked solutions for every exercise in all 12 chapters.
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Important Questions
Short and long board-focused questions to prioritize your revision.
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Math MCQs
Chapter-wise multiple-choice questions with an online practice test.
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Formula Sheet
A quick-revision sheet with all formulas organized by chapter.
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Guess Paper
The latest important chapters and exercises predicted for this year's exam.
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Past Papers
Solved previous board papers with pattern analysis for smarter prep.