10th Class Physics Formulas 2026

Q: What SI unit is used for heat energy in Class 10 Physics?

Heat energy is measured in joules (J) in the SI system, though calories are sometimes used in older textbooks. The PECTAA 2026 syllabus uses joules consistently across Thermal Physics numericals.

Q: How should I use the formula sheet while solving numericals?

Identify the given quantities and their units first, select the matching formula from the relevant chapter, convert units where necessary, then substitute and solve, keeping units attached at every step.

Q: Is this formula sheet enough on its own for exam preparation?

The formula sheet is a quick-reference companion, not a replacement for full preparation. Pair it with the Physics Notes for concept explanations and Solved Exercises for worked examples.

10th Class Physics Formulas (2026 PECTAA Edition)

This page is a complete 10th Class Physics Formula Sheet covering every chapter of the PECTAA (National Curriculum 2023) syllabus, compiled by Muhammad Tayyab, Subject Specialist Physics at Govt. Christian High School Daska. Each formula is listed with its symbol meanings and SI unit, so you can use this as a fast reference while solving numericals.

Getting the right formula is only half the job — using the correct units and constants is what turns a correct method into a correct final answer. This sheet keeps both together, chapter by chapter, from Thermal Physics through Space and Environment.

Use it alongside the Solved Exercises page to see these formulas applied step by step, or the Key Book for full worked numericals.

📐 Quick-Reference Formula Highlights

Chapter	Key Formula	SI Unit
Thermal Physics	Q = mcΔT	Joule (J)
Transfer of Thermal Energy	Q = mL	Joule (J)
Waves	v = fλ	m/s
Sound	v = fλ (in air)	m/s
Light	1/f = 1/v + 1/u	metre (m)
Electrostatics	F = kq₁q₂/r²	Newton (N)
Electricity	V = IR	Volt (V)
Electromagnetism	F = BIL	Newton (N)
Electromagnetic Induction	EMF = -N(ΔΦ/Δt)	Volt (V)

Chapter

Key Formula

SI Unit

Thermal Physics

Q = mcΔT

Joule (J)

Transfer of Thermal Energy

Q = mL

Joule (J)

Waves

v = fλ

m/s

Sound

v = fλ (in air)

m/s

Light

1/f = 1/v + 1/u

metre (m)

Electrostatics

F = kq₁q₂/r²

Newton (N)

Electricity

V = IR

Volt (V)

Electromagnetism

F = BIL

Newton (N)

Electromagnetic Induction

EMF = -N(ΔΦ/Δt)

Volt (V)

Full derivations, symbol definitions and additional formulas are available on each chapter's dedicated page below.

Chapter-Wise Formula Sheets

Open any chapter for its complete list of formulas, units, and constants.

📖 Prepared by Muhammad Tayyab

🔥

Chapter 10 – Thermal Physics

Formulas: Thermal Physics

📏 SI Units

Always convert given values to SI units (metres, kilograms, seconds, kelvin) before substituting into a formula.

🔤 Symbols

Each chapter page lists the exact symbol used for every quantity, matching the notation used in the PECTAA textbook.

🔢 Physical Constants

Speed of light, Coulomb's constant, and speed of sound in air are listed with their standard values for quick lookup.

🎯 Revision Tip

Write each chapter's formulas on a single card and test yourself from memory before checking this page.

💡 Numerical Tips Using This Formula Sheet

A formula sheet is only useful if you know how to apply it correctly under exam pressure. Keep this sequence in mind for every numerical.

1️⃣ List the Given Values First

Write down every given quantity with its unit before touching a formula.

2️⃣ Match the Correct Formula

Use the chapter-wise list above to find the formula that fits the quantities you were given.

3️⃣ Convert Units Before Substituting

Convert to SI units first, then substitute, to avoid an incorrect final answer.

4️⃣ Check the Answer's Reasonableness

A quick sanity check on the size of your final answer often catches an arithmetic slip before you submit.

❓ Frequently Asked Questions

What SI unit is used for heat energy in Class 10 Physics?

Heat energy is measured in joules (J) in the SI system, used consistently across Thermal Physics numericals in the 2026 PECTAA syllabus.

Which formulas are most important for Class 10 Physics numericals?

The most frequently tested formulas cover specific heat capacity, wave speed, the mirror and lens equations, Ohm's Law, electrical power, and Coulomb's Law.

Does this formula sheet include physical constants?

Yes, each chapter section lists the relevant physical constants alongside their standard values and units.

How should I use the formula sheet while solving numericals?

Identify the given quantities and units, select the matching formula, convert units where necessary, then substitute and solve, keeping units attached at every step.

Is this formula sheet enough on its own for exam preparation?

It's a quick-reference companion. Pair it with the Physics Notes for concept explanations and Solved Exercises for worked examples.

10th Class Physics Formulas